New structure and new system of glass curtain wall for high - rise building

New structure of curtain wall

2.1 grid system

Usually high-rise building curtain wall supporting structure using orthogonal beam-column metal frame system. With the diversification of architectural functions and architectural art requirements, new forms of construction are more applied. Three-way oblique grid system is widely used. The hexagon is one of the geometries that can fill the plane, so hexagonal grid steel is also commonly used in curtain walls.

2.2 Rigid frame system

By the reinforced concrete or steel components rigid connection into a plane frame or space frame can be used as a curtain wall support structure system.

2.3 cable structure

Cable structure is a pre-tensioned cable system, the glass curtain wall block the smallest, welcomed by the architect. Cable tension to the role of the main structure, the main structure design should be pre-considered. The cable is working in a large deflection, usually controlling the deflection of the span of 1/40 ~ 1/60. Beijing New Poly Building height of 160m, cable net crystal face, 90mX70m, is the world's largest single-wire cable curtain wall, two main cable from 150 15.2mm strand composed of tension up to 39000kN.

3 various panel materials widely used

As the glass at the same time with light transmission, high strength, light weight, durability of the four major characteristics of other building materials can not be replaced. So the 400m above the high-rise building curtain wall panel using glass, this trend will not change in the short term, but at the same time the metal plate has also been applied to meet the different architectural style and architectural art requirements. 400m below the high-rise buildings, in addition to a large number of glass curtain wall, metal and stone curtain wall also get more applications. Metal plate is also one of the commonly used materials. Kuala Lumpur oil double tower high 480m, the curtain wall in the complex non-translucent part of the use of Tianjin Iron and Steel Building, the steel curtain wall fully reflects the characteristics of steel materials, different specifications of the hexagonal window on the wall naturally formed between the light and dark stripe. Curtain wall steel and the outer structure of the main body into one, the entire wall is both load bearing, but also for the envelope. Stainless steel plates are often used in super high-rise buildings. 1930 New York Rockefeller Building built, granite curtain wall in one fell swoop break 300m height. Since then built a large number of more than 300m stone curtain wall project, built in 1931 the New York Empire State Building stone curtain wall up to 381m, ranking the world's highest has been 80 years. Kuwait ALHAMBRO building, mainly for the glass curtain wall, both sides of the limestone curtain wall, up to 412m. Broke the Empire State Building 381m stone curtain wall height records. The previous earthquakes, especially the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, show that the stone curtain walls designed and constructed in accordance with the norms have been tested by earthquakes and have good seismic performance. Japan's Yokohama Milestone Tower (298m) and Tokyo Metropolitan Government (260m) have experienced the 1995 Hanshin Earthquake, and on March 11, 2011, it was subjected to the East Japan Earthquake, but its granite composite curtain wall did not suffer any damage. China Taiwan Kaohsiung East Timor Building 378m, the use of granite curtain wall, also experienced the September 21, 1999 earthquake test. China's current granite curtain wall is the Guangzhou Rising Building, the building height of 313m, stone curtain wall height of 280m, the use of aluminum alloy beams (Figure 22), followed by 260m high Guangzhou Bank Building, the use of welded steel structure support (Figure 23) The Beijing Beihai Beibu Bay on the 1st of the stone curtain wall simulation of Guangxi landscape, contour ups and downs, with a cave. Hotel curtain wall up to 200m. Dubai Sailing Hotel up to 321 meters, the use of tension film as the outer wall, translucent outer protective material to make indoor light soft,

4 double ventilated curtain wall and photovoltaic curtain wall

Double-layer ventilation curtain wall has been applied in high-rise buildings. 632m high Shanghai center with a large spacing between the two glass curtain wall, outside the curtain wall hanging from the steel pipe hanging in the horizontal steel structure. Nagoya Station in Japan is a spiral outside the glass curtain wall, the use of internal ventilation system.

Guangzhou Pearl River City, 303 meters high, at the same time with double ventilation curtain wall, photovoltaic lighting roof, photovoltaic sun visor and wind power generation device, is a typical green building. The facade is divided into three sections, and the space between the sections is fitted with two sets of axial wind turbines. Inside and outside the curtain wall between the space for the internal circulation of the hot air, the air from the overhead floor out, through the hot channel into the ceiling of the return air pipe, and then back to the overhead floor, so endless cycle, greatly improve the indoor work environment. Pearl River gable wall of the level of the sun visor are photovoltaic glass, the top part of the arch is also installed PV modules.

Guangzhou tower glass curtain wall of the highest part (440 meters to 450 meters) for the photovoltaic curtain wall, which is the world's highest photovoltaic curtain wall. As the PV module is arranged 360 degrees, and the curtain wall is located within the steel column, block more, in order to meet the power requirements under low light, using a thin film power generation components.

At present, the highest building in the Middle East with photovoltaic curtain wall is the UAE Abu Dhabi CMA Tower, 76 floors, 385m, in the tower roof and Chaoyang wall installed PV modules, the annual generating capacity of 300,000 kWh.

5 Summary

After three decades of rapid development, China has become the world's largest curtain wall production of large curtain wall. At present, we are trying to improve the technical level, strengthen the capability of independent innovation, promote the application of new technology, and strive to develop the curtain wall as a curtain wall power. Now, high-rise building curtain wall of various new technologies, China has a place, in the project has been widely used and the technical level is rapidly improving. Summed up the experience of the existing, up to the contents of the specification, will be the future development of China's curtain wall technology to promote the role.